How to generate a passive income in retirement

Here’s how you could supplement the State Pension in retirement through having a second income.

Posted by Peter Stephens

The Twelfth Magpie’s Premium Investing Services.

While the idea of generating a passive income may initially seem daunting, there are a number of assets available that could help you to reach your income goals.

Read on to find out more about them, as well as why it is a good idea to ensure you hold a diverse range of assets in retirement.

Investing in shares

Dividend-paying shares can offer a relatively high level of income. The FTSE 100, which is an index of the largest 100 companies on the UK stock market, has a dividend yield of 4.2% at the time of writing. This is likely to be higher than the income returns offered by many other assets, while the potential for dividends to rise over the long run could mean that shares have an inflation-beating income outlook.

Shares carry greater risk than many other assets, so it is important to research them before going ahead with a purchase. Factors such as the company’s debt levels, strategy and how much of their profit is used to pay dividends may be worth checking before buying them.

Should you wish to buy shares, opening an ISA could be a tax-efficient means of doing so. Researching various sharedealing providers could help you to find the best deal, with sites such as The Motley Fool offering a variety of reviews on them.

Investing in property

Purchasing a property is another means of generating a passive income in retirement. Even though property prices have risen significantly in recent years, it may still be possible to generate a relatively high yield in parts of the UK. However, due to the cost of buying property, it may be difficult to build a diverse property portfolio.

It is important to note that should a property you own go through a void period, or if a tenant fails to pay rent, this could cause a reduction in your income.

With the introduction of a 3% stamp duty surcharge in April 2016, as well as other tax changes, investing in property may be less appealing than it once was from a tax perspective.

Investing in bonds

Bonds are a popular means of generating a passive income in retirement. You lend money to a government or corporate entity, with the amount repaid on a specific date in future. In the meantime, interest payments, or coupons, are paid on the debt. They differ in level depending on the financial strength of the entity in question, with interest rates on less stable governments and businesses being higher than interest rates on more financially sound entities.

Although bonds can offer a more reliable income in some cases than dividend-paying shares, they lack capital growth potential. In some cases, this may mean that their total return is less than inflation. Over the long run this can lead to reduced spending power.

Bonds can be purchased through the same accounts as shares in many cases, with an ISA being a tax-efficient means of buying them.

Savings accounts

If you would rather not take any risks with your money but still want to generate a passive income, savings accounts could be an option. As long as you have less than £85k invested in a banking group, there is no risk of capital loss if it goes bust.

However, savings account returns are relatively low. At the time of writing, they are around 1.5% at best. Since this is lower than the long-term average inflation rate, it means that amounts held in them could lose their spending power over time.

It’s also important to note that no income tax is charged on the first £1,000 of interest income. For that reason, unless you will generate over £1,000 in interest income per year, having a savings account rather than a cash ISA could be a good idea.

Passive income tip: diversify

In order to enjoy a more consistent level of income, as well as a lower risk of loss, ensuring that you have a mix of assets from which to generate a passive income in retirement could be a good idea.

Shares, bonds, property and cash all have their advantages and disadvantages when it comes to risk and reward. While one asset may be right for one retiree, it may not be seen as ideal for another.

For example, shares may offer the highest income return at the present time. But they could experience a fall in value that then makes holding bonds a better idea, since their value may move in the opposite direction to that of shares during periods of uncertainty for the economy.

Therefore, diversifying with different types of assets in your portfolio may provide you with a more consistent income return that helps you to budget effectively in retirement.

Magnifier focusing on a financial data analysis graph representing an investment fund’s returns© MicroStockHub via Getty Images

Investment funds are an important part of investing, and there is plenty to know about them.

While the array of designations, acronyms and fees can feel overwhelming, especially for beginner investors, it is well worth taking the time to understand investment funds. The top funds can form a really integral part of your portfolio

The key advantage of investing using funds, rather than picking individual stocks, is that it immediately offers diversification

“As a general rule, diversification tends to be your friend and prevents one or two isolated problems from wrecking your portfolio,” says Ben Seager-Scott, chief investment officer at Forvis Mazars.

“Funds give you ready access to a spread of companies without being overly exposed to just a handful,” he continues. He cites legendary investor Harry Markowitz who reportedly said “diversification is the only free lunch in investing”. Funds offer this diversification, without much of the cost, administration and time commitments that building your own portfolio from scratch would entail.

“You could choose to manage a portfolio directly if you have the time to understand and research all of the stocks, listen to the earnings call, decide which winners to allow to run higher versus which ones to take profit on, which stocks to top-up after a fall or close out of… and so on,” says Seager-Scott.

But if you buy a fund, a professional – whether that is a fund manager or an index compiler – is doing that for you.

The different types of investment funds

Investment funds come in various forms – so many, in fact, that categorising all of them is almost impossible. But there are three broad categories that it is especially useful for investors to be familiar with, and which cover most of the range of possible investments between them. These are ETFs, mutual funds and investment trusts.

There are two key distinctions that define these three fund types: open- versus closed-ended, and listed versus unlisted.

“Open-ended means clients can put money into the fund and take it out of the fund which makes the fund itself grow or shrink,” says Seager-Scott. Closed-ended, on the other hand, means that all the fund’s capital is raised and all of its shares are issued at its inception.

“Listed means the shares are listed on the stock exchange so can be traded through the day on this secondary market, whereas unlisted means you trade effectively directly with the fund group (although in reality it is still intermediated) once per day,” says Seager-Scott.

ETFs

Exchange-traded funds (ETFs) are open-ended, listed funds. As the name suggests, they are listed on a stock exchange: you can buy and sell them in a stocks and shares ISA just as you might buy shares in a listed company.

“The advantage is that they can be bought and sold throughout the day and you can see live pricing while the market is open,” says Seager-Scott. “The downside is you generally have to trade during market hours and there is the added complexity that comes with the secondary market.”

Despite trading on a stock exchange, the price of an ETF will always reflect the net value of its underlying assets (net asset value, or ‘NAV’). This is because new shares can be created or redeemed by authorised partners to ensure that changes in demand for the ETF’s shares are always balanced against changes in its NAV. This is what is meant by ‘open-ended’.

Mutual funds

This is a broad and sometimes blurry category, but essentially it refers to open-ended, unlisted funds.

“There are lots of varieties, including OEICs (which are UK-domiciled), unit trusts (which are an older style of UK-domiciled fund) and SICAVs (which are EU equivalents),” says Seager-Scott.

The biggest difference between a mutual fund and an ETF is the fact that a mutual fund isn’t listed on a stock exchange. Units in the fund are bought directly from the fund group via an investment platform once per day.

“It is important to be aware that even though they are open-ended, they can still close if they need to,” says Seager-Scott.

This can be because they get too big and stop accepting more money, in which case existing investors will still be able to get their own money out. But sometimes it is because shares sell off too rapidly and the fund is unable to meet redemption requests. In that instance the fund is closed or ‘gated’, and no-one can buy or sell the fund. “This often causes a lot of concern,” says Seager-Scott.

Investment trusts

Investment trusts are closed-ended funds. They are also, technically, listed companies – they are often referred to as ‘investment companies’ for that reason.

Being closed-ended means that all of their shares are created at the inception of the fund. New shares can be issued, but this is a much less common event than the daily creation and redemption of shares that occurs in open-ended funds, and is done to raise additional capital to invest rather than to manage the pricing of the fund.

The upshot is that the price of an investment trust is determined entirely by demand for its shares (as with shares in a company) rather than the value of its underlying assets (as with open-ended funds). That means investment trusts can trade at a discount or a premium to their NAV.

Some investors see this as a disadvantage, though our explainer, ‘Should investors worry about investment trust discounts?’ examines whether this is necessarily the case. At any rate, investment trusts have some key advantages over open-ended funds.

In brief, the closed-ended model means that they never have to sell assets when investors withdraw their money, enabling fund managers to pursue long-term investments with conviction. As limited companies in their own right, they can also use leverage – known as ‘gearing’ – to amplify their investment returns.

Investment trusts can also reserve up to 15% of their returns on any given year and use these to top-up dividends in future years, enabling them to offer investors a smoother dividend yield over the long term.

What about active and passive funds?

Another way of categorising investment funds is into passive versus active. In brief, active funds have a manager who actively buys and sells securities to try to generate market-beating returns, while a passive fund simply tracks an index (such as the FTSE 100).

Investment trusts are always active funds. Broadly speaking, mutual funds and ETFs can be either active or passive. ETFs are generally associated with passive investing but there is nothing in the ETF structure that mandates this, and active ETFs are growing in significance: assets managed by European active ETFs grew almost 70% last year.

Active ETFs are managed by an expert portfolio management and research team making forward-looking investment decisions, says Rahul Bhushan, managing director at ARK Investment Management. ARK’s team, for example, focuses on companies in high-growth sectors that it believes will benefit from technological innovation.

“In fast-moving sectors like AI, robotics, blockchain, energy storage and multiomics, we believe active management can be a significant advantage,” Bhushan adds.

What should investors look for in an investment fund?

The first consideration when choosing a fund to invest in is your risk tolerance and how the fund reflects that.

Seager-Scott says that “a common and sensible approach is to think about an asset allocation framework that matches your risk profile,” which effectively means the balance between equities (shares in companies) and bonds – higher-risk and lower-risk respectively.

Similarly, you’ll want to think about what you’re gaining exposure to when buying the fund. Do you want exposure to global equities in all industries, or are you looking to buy into a specific sector? There are funds for each of these and everything in between.

After identifying the kind of fund you want to buy you’ll likely still be presented with multiple options from different providers. Fee levels, as well as the fund’s underlying strategy, can help you decide which is your best option.

Fees can eat into your overall returns so it’s important to understand them.

Active funds typically charge higher fees than passive funds, because it is more labour-intensive to run an active fund than a passive fund. In theory, this is compensated by superior returns, but that doesn’t always transpire: AJ Bell’s latest Manager versus Machine report found that just 30% of active funds outperformed passive counterparts in the 10 years to 30 June 2025.

So before buying an active fund it is important to check its annual returns over the long term and ideally comparing these to a passive fund or index in the same sector to ensure that the manager is worth the extra fees. Past returns of course do not guarantee future results, but a track record of outperformance is one indicator of a skilled investment manager.

Investors will also want to check their own understanding of how the index works (for a passive fund) or the fund manager’s strategy (for an active fund) before investing.

Up 10.6% in 6 months, where’s the S&P 500 going throughout the rest of 2026?

Can the S&P 500 continue to thrive throughout the rest of 2026? Zaven Boyrazian investigates the latest forecasts from industry experts.

Posted by

Zaven Boyrazian, CFA❯

Published 13 July

META

You’re reading a free article with opinions that may differ from The Twelfth Magpie’s Premium Investing Services.

The S&P 500‘s already delivered a near-11% total return since January, powered by strong corporate earnings and continued AI investment.

But with the index now brushing record highs and valuations looking stretched in places, how much higher can it realistically go?

The latest forecasts

The general consensus from most institutional analysts is the S&P 500’s actually still on track to climb even higher, albeit modestly.

Right now the index is sitting close to 7,500 points. But according to a Reuters poll across 47 analysts, the median price forecast for the US flagship index is 7,620 – around 2% higher than current levels.

In terms of money, that means a £1,000 investment today could only grow to around £1,020 over the next six months, which is pretty underwhelming.

However, while index investors might not have a thriving time for the rest of 2026, the same isn’t the case for stock pickers. In fact, even in today’s elevated market environment, there are still plenty of US stocks that look primed to thrive. And right now, there’s one S&P 500 stock in particular that many institutional analysts are backing.

Which stock should investors be watching?

Meta Platforms (NASDAQ:META) is currently trading around $600 a share. Yet looking at the latest analyst forecasts, the average consensus suggests that number should be much closer to $825. That’s a roughly 37.5% projected capital gain – enough to turn £1,000 into £1,375 if these projections prove accurate.

So what’s driving this bullish sentiment? In short: AI monetisation.

In Meta’s most recent quarter, new AI-powered ad tools drove a 3% increase in conversion rates and a 12% improvement in ad quality.

For advertisers, that’s a substantial increase in the value proposition of advertising on Meta’s various platforms such as Facebook, WhatsApp, and Instagram. And this steady improvement in advertising effectiveness is a big reason why click-to-message ads in the US grew more than 50% in 2025, while WhatsApp paid messaging crossed a $2bn annual run rate.

With momentum still building, it’s easy to understand the optimism. However, even the bulls have some reservations.

AI might be delivering results, but it’s coming at an enormous cost. Capital expenditure for 2026 is guided at $115bn-$135bn – nearly double last year’s pace. And if AI earnings take longer to materialise than expected, the near-term pressure on margins may not prove to be temporary after all.

So the question now is: is this a risk worth taking?

The bottom line

With indices concentrated and valuations stretched, we’re very much in a stock-picker’s market right now. And while Meta certainly isn’t the only S&P 500 stock for investors to explore, it does present a potentially compelling case for investors seeking exposure to this part of the tech sector.

That’s why I think it deserves a closer look.

Their Loss

Brett Owens, Chief Investment Strategist
Updated: July 10, 2026

This is one pricey market, and if you’re hesitant to put new money to work, I am sympathetic. After all, we’re here for the dividends. We want our principal to stay intact, so I understand it doesn’t make much sense buying high if we’re going to collect dividends but then watch the stock market proceed lower.

Valuations seem to have decoupled from fundamentals in many cases. As we speak, SpaceX, for example, claims an addressable market of $28.5 trillion—roughly the size of the entire U.S. economy. Which is all fair and well—but it also commands galactic premiums at 100 times sales.

I’m relatively young and healthy, but I’m not confident that I’ll be here for a hundred more years to collect those sales. As such, I’m a good old-fashioned dividend investor, and I love a deal alongside my dividend.

Let’s talk cheap stocks that pay today.

Closed-end funds (CEFs) are built differently than mutual funds and exchange-traded funds (ETFs). CEFs have a fixed number of shares, which means their prices routinely disconnect from the value of what they own.

That inefficiency is our opportunity—we can buy stellar assets at 95 cents, 90 cents, even less on the dollar.

Take, for instance, these five CEFs that are offering up sky-high 6.0% to 10.4% yields that we can buy for 4% to 14% less than what they’re actually worth.

Taiwan Fund (TWN)
Distribution Rate: 6.6%

The Taiwan Fund (TWN) is a perfect example of how CEFs let us buy even white-hot assets for less than they’re worth.

Nomura Asset Management’s Sky Chen is tasked with building a portfolio of stocks listed on the Taiwan Stock Exchange that represent a “broad spectrum” of the ROC economy. While it lists a number of industries, it specifically states that it “will invest more than 25% of its total assets in the semiconductor industry.”

A lot more, as it turns out. Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing (TSM) alone accounts for a third of the portfolio, which is stuffed with other semiconductor and technology stocks. In fact, the sector makes up 85% of assets. TWN isn’t broad, either, at fewer than 30 stocks right now.

Not That Anyone Is Complaining

Chen doesn’t use leverage or options—just a concentrated portfolio that pays out a substantial, if wildly variable, annual distribution. Right now, that sky-high distribution reflects the portfolio’s ludicrous gains, but that hasn’t always been the case.

Like Many International Single-Country CEFs, Distributions Are a Crapshoot

Despite TWN’s rocketship returns, the fund still trades at a 14% discount to its net asset value. That’s a little pricier than its five-year average 17% discount to NAV, but it’s still the only place anyone can get Taiwan stocks this cheap right now.

Calamos Global Dynamic Income Fund (CHW)
Distribution Rate: 8.2%

Calamos Global Dynamic Income Fund (CHW) is a global allocation fund, which means it can invest in both equity and debt. The “dynamic” means management will shift the portfolio as market conditions change, so more than most funds, what they own today might not be what they own a year from now.

CHW’s portfolio is a wide umbrella—management is happy to own common stock, preferred stock, investment-grade corporates, junk, U.S. government bonds, convertible debt, asset-backed securities, bank loans and more. Right now, Calamos’ fund is 60% invested in common stock from both the U.S. and abroad, with a heavy tilt toward growth. Another 20% of assets are in convertibles, and the rest is spread among other fixed-income issues.

This CEF also uses a high amount of leverage (nearly 30%). That can be a double-edged sword depending on the market environment, but it has largely worked out for shareholders. The fund’s longer-term performance is certainly more volatile than similar plain-vanilla versions of the strategy—take, for instance, the SPDR SSGA Global Allocation ETF (GAL), which is in the same global moderate allocation category—but also more lucrative.

Iron-Stomached Investors Have Done Well in CHW

That leverage also helps pad a thick monthly dividend north of 8%.

Calamos Global Dynamic Income might be drawing up another peak, which would give some would-be investors pause. CHW nonetheless trades at a 9% discount to NAV—cheaper than its 7% five-year average—but the fund has offered up even steeper deals in the past.

ClearBridge Energy Midstream Opportunity Fund (EMO)
Distribution Rate: 8.5%

ClearBridge Energy Midstream Opportunity Fund (EMO) is a targeted play on the energy sector.

Co-Managers Peter Vanderlee and Patrick McElroy have compiled a tight portfolio of 20 companies operating in the energy “midstream” (pipelines, storage, terminals and other energy infrastructure assets). That means it owns master limited partnerships (MLPs) such as Energy Transfer LP (ET) and MPLX LP (MPLX), as well as traditional corporations such as Targa Resources (TRGP) and Williams Cos. (WMB).

This Franklin Templeton CEF has historically underperformed its benchmark, the Alerian MLP Index, since it came to life in 2011. But we can largely blame long down-to-flat periods for energy infrastructure broadly since then—during bull markets, EMO has let it rip, thanks in some part to moderate-to-high leverage (currently 20%, though I’ve seen it above 30% in the past).

EMO Can Be a Fair-Weather Fund. But That Works When the Weather Is Fair.

That same leverage also helps EMO squeeze out a percentage point or two more in yield out of its monthly distribution than energy infrastructure ETFs.

ClearBridge Energy Midstream Opportunity’s five-year average discount is a deep 13%, which is roughly where it sits today—nominally cheap, but fairly priced relative to its history.

BlackRock Muniyield Quality (MQY)
Distribution Rate: 6.0%

Municipal bond funds are truly “hidden yields.”

The BlackRock Muniyield Quality (MQY) yields 6%, paid monthly—slightly below what junk ETFs are offering. But those junk ETFs can’t offer what MQY does: a federal tax exemption.

To get an idea of how big a deal that is: Someone in the 37% tax bracket paying the 3.8% net investment income tax (NIIT) would need to buy a taxable bond fund paying 10.1% to get the same amount of take-home income as they’d earn from MQY!

And we’re not buying junk to get that sky-high tax-equivalent yield. Munibond funds are often high-quality to begin with, and MQY’s management is explicitly tasked with owning higher-graded debt. More than 85% of the portfolio’s assets are investment-grade in nature, and three-quarters is rated A or above.

Extremely high leverage north of 40% means we’re getting a much bumpier ride than a traditional bond fund, so we need to pick our spots and not look at performance every day—but over the long term, MQY has offered up the same rising tide as funds like iShares National Muni Bond ETF (MUB)—just better.

But Beware: Buying at Peaks Can Hobble Us

MQY isn’t running particularly hot right now, and its 8% discount is about a percentage point cheaper than its five-year average.

abrdn World Healthcare Fund (THW)
Distribution Rate: 10.4%

Of all the CEFs I’m talking about today, abrdn World Healthcare Fund (THW) has the smallest discount right now, at just 4% to NAV—but it’s the best relative value.

Shares normally trade at a 4% premium.

We won’t find anything like this in ETF-land. We’ll start with its global nature—most ETFs that invest in the healthcare sector are heavy in U.S. companies, but only a handful are rich in international names. THW’s assets are split roughly 50/50 between American and foreign stocks, with most of the latter represented by western Europe.

We’re also going above and beyond traditional corporations. Yes, we have pharmaceuticals, biotech, life science and health insurers. But abrdn’s fund also holds healthcare real estate investment trusts (REITs), bonds, even venture capital. Toss in a decent amount of leverage (~20%) and a sky-high 10%-plus yield, and what do we get?

A Surprisingly Mixed Bag

THW has been much more productive of late, especially coming out of the 2023 downturn. But unlike the aforementioned EMO energy fund, abrdn’s CEF has largely existed in a healthcare bull market since inception in 2015—yet has failed to really stand out.

The culprit is management’s mix of debt and REITs—great for income, less great for growth.

Tired of Market Chaos? One of My Favorite 11% Dividend Is a ‘Cool’ Cure

Are you exhausted trying to keep up with the news lately? I don’t blame you—the news cycle is in overdrive, which means the market is a minefield of headline risk right now.

That’s why I always hold a few double-digit yielders. Massive income inflows can go a long way toward stabilizing our portfolios in turbulent markets while helping us come out ahead.

But only if we hold the right payers.

Longtime underperformers and funds with violent swings just won’t cut it.

When I take a swing on a double-digit yield, I look for highly skilled managers with a track record of running up the score on their competition.

Every summer, thousands of investors repeat the same error. Markets grow more volatile, headlines trumpet sudden swings, and numerous people rush into buying or selling at precisely the wrong moment.

Paul Denley, CEO at London-based Oakham Wealth Management, said: “Summer markets can be deceptive. With many professional investors away on holiday, it takes less buying or selling to move prices around. That means markets can look much more dramatic than they really are.”

The notion that markets quieten over summer isn’t novel. The traditional saying captures this succinctly: “Sell in May and go away, come back on St Leger Day.”

Rather, he argues wealthy investors grasp the distinction between market noise and genuine investment opportunities. He continued: “They don’t let scary headlines force them into making emotional decisions. They focus on the quality of the companies they own, not what the market happens to be doing on a Tuesday afternoon in August.”

According to Mr Denley, among the most significant errors regular investors commit is presuming every sharp market movement signals something crucial has shifted.

He explained: “In reality, summer price swings often happen because fewer people are trading. Prices can move more sharply, but that doesn’t necessarily tell you anything about how healthy those businesses really are.”

As the holiday period draws to a close and investors head back to their desks, markets frequently become influenced more by corporate earnings and economic data rather than quieter summer activity. Mr Denley maintains that’s precisely why seasoned investors seldom restructure their portfolios during the summer months.

He said: “Successful investing isn’t about reacting to every headline. It’s about sticking to a well-thought-out plan and remembering that short-term market swings are often just noise.

“The wealthy don’t try to outsmart the calendar. They know patience usually beats panic. If nothing has changed about the businesses you own, a volatile summer isn’t usually a reason to change your investment strategy.”

One option is to buy an IT and hold forever and use the dividends either to re-invest in the Trust or another Trust and then when you retire use those dividends to pay your bills.

You can research the SNOWBALL for

Rule of 7/2

Dividends have been 80% of stock market returns

Warren Buffett and the 60% yield from Coca Cola

The SNOWBALL current investment criteria is a yield of 7% or above.

If you look at CTY for 3 specific news driven chart events, there could be a way of improving the yield.

A share has three phases, up, sideways, down. As you want to earn the dividends for re-investment, you need to hold whilst the share is going up and sideways but not when it’s falling. Now shares go up and down all the time, otherwise there would be no markets, you need to sit thru the market noise but be ready to act on news driven events.

You need to be careful when the share is trading below the cloud but it’s not a reason to sell. If you wanted to hold CTY for it’s long term dividend history, Mr. Market gives you the chance.

The orange candle is an inside day and is ignored for trading, so you wait for two positive candles. You can only buy at the bottom, with luck but you could have bought the yield or the second white candle.

When the market falls out of bed, you cannot wait for the price to trade above the cloud as you forfeit too much profit.

The price still traded around 300p in November but you would have banked two dividends.